The presence of casts alone does not help make a correct diagnosis though. These casts can be of different types and may also be formed from WBCs which indicate infections. These elements are formed after cell destruction and from other waste materials. CastsĬlinical Implications: These are solid, formed elements that may appear in the urine. Obstructive disorders can also cause WBCs to show in your urine, but there will be other symptoms as well. An infection in the kidney or the urinary tract may cause the inflammation. White Blood Cells (WBC's)Ĭlinical Implications: Normal urinalysis result shows little WBCs. The presence of WBCs in the urine usually indicates inflammation/infection of the renal system. Trauma and many other conditions can also cause bleeding. A level of higher than 3 RBCs indicates a disease condition, and may happen when you have cystitis. Red Blood Cells (RBCs)Ĭlinical Implications: Blood in urine indicates urinary tract infections, but the microscopic exam is required to confirm bleeding and inflammation in the urinary tract. Ketones are the outcome of incomplete fat metabolism and may appear in your urine in diabetes, after diarrhea, or in starvation states. You are likely to spill glucose into the urine if you have diabetes. Normal Values: Ketones: None Glucose: Less than 130 mg/dĬlinical Implications: There may be trace amounts of glucose in the urine after eating a large meal. Pregnancy and extreme muscle exertion may also make some protein to appear in your urine. ProteinĬlinical Implications: It is normal to have a small amount of protein in your urine, but the presence of albumin usually indicates fever, renal disease, tumors, hypertension, etc. If you don't have a normal urinalysis result, ask your doctor for help. High specific gravity indicates dehydration, nephritic syndrome, liver failure, acute glomerulonephritis, heart failure, or shock. Low specific gravity may indicate conditions such as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, diabetes insipidus, pyelonephritis, or acute tubular necrosis. Specific gravity goes up when your urine is highly concentrated, and specific gravity comes down when the water content is high. Specific GravityĬlinical Implications: It refers to the weight of your urine as compared to water. Your diet and water intake can also make a difference. There may be a change in the pH level of your urine at different times during the day. PHĬlinical Implications: Normally, your urine is slightly acidic, but an infection can make it alkaline. Pyridium can change the urine to dark orange color and dorban can make it look red.ĭiabetes, dehydration and starvation can make the urine have a fruity odor. The appearance of your urine may also change because of certain drugs. A changed appearance may indicate urinary tract or renal infection. Normal: Urine is clear or light yellow in color with no odor.Ĭlinical Implications: The appearance of your urine may change when it contains bacteria, white blood cells, fat, red blood cells, or chyle. Normal Urinalysis Results and Interpretation of Abnormal Results 1.
So what is considered normal for a urine test? If you do not receive a normal result, it usually means that you have an underlying illness or disease.
The test involves checking the concentration, appearance, and content of urine. Your doctor may order a urinalysis, a test of urine, to detect a number of problems, including kidney disease, urinary tract infections and diabetes.
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